Approximately 7,000 years ago, the first settlers arrived on Chiloé Island. When the Spaniards discovered it, they found a diverse array of indigenous tribes already thriving there. In 1558, the Spanish claimed sovereignty over the island, and soon after, missionaries began to arrive, converting the local population to Catholicism.
By the 18th century, the main island and its surrounding smaller islands were home to around 300 churches, with 16 of them collectively achieving World Heritage status in 2000.
The wooden church architecture of Chiloé is a unique gem, standing out from any other architectural style in South America. These churches feature a simple, barn-like structure with sloping roofs, built on sturdy stone foundations. The elegant arcades at the front and tall spires add a touch of grandeur.
The stone foundations, inspired by the traditional buildings of the local indigenous people, serve to keep rainwater from seeping into the interiors. One of the most striking features of these wooden churches is the fish-scale-like shingles that cover the walls. Made from the water-resistant Chilean cypress, these shingles are perfectly suited to withstand the extremely rainy and humid climate of Chiloé.
These vibrant and colorful churches range from small and modest to large and ornate. Among them, the Achao Church stands out as the oldest surviving wooden church in Chiloé. Built in the mid-18th century, it is also considered the most exquisite. Constructed entirely from local Chilean cypress and other cypress woods, this church is a marvel of craftsmanship.
Remarkably, it was built without a single nail, using only wooden pegs, similar to the mortise and tenon technique used in traditional Chinese architecture.
The wooden churches of Chiloé are not just architectural masterpieces; they are also living testaments to history and culture. They embody the fusion and collision of European and local indigenous traditions, serving as enduring symbols of the faith and memories of the people of Chiloé Island.
